Sociology and Psychology - 823 Words

Sociology and psychology is the study of the mind and the environment around us which makes us who we are. These theories assist us to understand behaviour from individual and societal levels. Sociology is a study of society social life, social change, and social causes and consequences of human behaviour and allows us to gain an understanding of the structure and dynamics of today’s society, looking at the interlinking links patterns of human behaviour. Sociology looks at the in which social structure and institutions affect our everyday life. Sociological imagination was founded by C. Wright mills in the 1950`s it is an overall understanding of that some of the things that happen in society may lead to a particular outcome. Mills said†¦show more content†¦Both the patients and the nurses have varying expectations of what the patient’s hospital role will be. In relation to nursing practice is that when you are providing care to a patient, you also have to have an understanding of their psychological behaviour. You need to look at the patient as a whole and you need to be aware of what behaviour’s our culture today believes is OK for a person who is to display when they are unwell that dont necessarily have anything to do with the actual symptoms of their medical condition. Psychology is the study of the science of the mind and the resulting behaviour. Looking to understand and explain to an extent how we think, act and feel. There are many branches of psychology looking at treatments of mental health issues, studying a variety of issues that may impact our health and daily life’s. The humanistic approach looks at the client’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours that they are experiencing just now and in the past. An important part in this perspective is the importance of the â€Å"self† this looks at who we think we are. The person centre approach was developed primarily by Carl Rogers he worked on the belief that if everyone was giving the correct environment as such that we can all grow. The two most influential figures in this approach is Abraham Maslow andShow MoreRelatedPsychology And Sociology And Psychology1612 Words   |  7 PagesWhen we think of society or people, and their behavior, psychology and sociology come to our mind. This is because they are academic fields that posses the same main idea, which is the study of the behavior. Although these two sciences have enormous differences, for those whom never had read anything about this topics it would seem the same. Despite bearing some superficial similarities, the differences between sociology and psychology are pronounced. Actually the main contrast between them isRead MoreSocial Psychology And Sociology And Psychology1450 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Psychology is a broad field that incorporates aspects of both the sciences of Sociology and Psychology. This field of study is designed to help answer the question as to why people display certain behaviors due to their interaction with others. This field of study is very interesting due to its practicality, in regards to real-life demonstration, usage, and observation. In my life, I have held several jobs that have been heavily influenced by the dynamics of those who were around me. One jobRead MoreSocial Psychology : Sociology And Psychology3827 Words   |  16 Pages2. Social Psychology draws from many different disciplines. These include anthropology, biology, neurology, philosophy, sociology, and psychology. The two main disciplines that have influenced social psychology are sociology and psychology. 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The island represents the individual human and theRead MoreImpact of Sociology and Psychology Factors on Leisure/Tourism Activity2296 Words   |  10 Pagesparts in sociological aspect which are time, socio-economic and gender. In psychology aspect, it will emphasise on motivation and satisfaction. Through the conveyance of our study and research, the perspective held throughout this essay will agree with the statement that â€Å"All individuals have the opportunity to participate in these leisure experiences and can benefit from them if they make the effort†. Sociology Sociology is the study of the social lives of humans, groups, and societies, sometimesRead MoreAnalysis Of Emile Durkheim s Theories On Sociology And Psychology1114 Words   |  5 Pagesthey take depending on the groups they studied. Durkheim, a French sociologist, who is one of the founders of sociology, claimed that meaningful human practices can be understood in sociological, biological and psychological terms. Though, He puts a clear understanding as to how sociological approach to studying human practices is a scientific discipline unique from biology and psychology in its own way. Durkheim explains his idea of sociological approach as it’s own science in this methodology heRead MoreWhy Philosophy, Sociology, and Psychology of Education Play an Important role in the Development of Youngs Abilities, Knowledge, and Personality632 Words   |  2 Pagesroles such as philosophy, sociology, and psychology of education. The philosophy of education studies the aims, forms, methods, and results of acquiring knowledge. Beside these, philosophy of education applies to the process and a field of study. The sociology of education is the study of educational structures, processes, and practices from a sociologica l perspective. It has illustrated the conception of enter-relation between education and society. Hence, Educational psychology in turn notifies of specialtyRead MoreSociology: The Study of Humanity Essay1480 Words   |  6 PagesHowever new you are to sociology it is probable that you have an idea, however vague and general, regarding what sociology is supposed to be about. It may be that you have an idea that sociology is about people. And you would be right to think so. We might start then by noting that sociology is one of the human sciences and as such it is a subject to be distinguished from the so-called physical sciences. Sociology is the study of humanity. However this description of sociology is only partially

The Maya And Aztec Civilizations - 866 Words

The Maya and Aztec civilizations were both indigenous people that flourished in Mesoamerica. Maya s classic period dates from 250 to 900 AD, which was considered to be the peak of their civilization. They covered much of the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico and were centered in what is now known as Guatemala. The Aztecs dominated in the post classic period from 1325 to 1521 AD, in what is now modern day Mexico. Although, the Aztec and Maya s were from different time periods they shared cultural similarities in social structure, military and religious rituals. Aztecs were ruled by an emperor known as the Huey Tlatcani, the great speaker, which had absolute power. The Huey Tlatcani was believed to have been a representative of the gods, and was worshiped as a god. The Aztec empire was made up of many city-states that were ruled by a supreme ruler and a supreme judge. City-states were politically independent, yet had to worship the emperor and pay tributes. They were a structured society wi th a strict caste system divided into two social classes. At the top were the hereditary nobles, priests and high ranking warriors. At the bottom were the commoners, the serfs, indentured servants and slaves. Within these classes they also had social rankings. (History.com). Similarly, Maya civilizations were also made up of many city-states that were each ruled by a king or high priest known as Ahau. Maya s caste system however was divided into three social classes with kings, priestsShow MoreRelatedEconomy in Early American Civilizations: Maya, Aztecs and Inca865 Words   |  4 Pagesas cacao beans. Another American civilization was the Aztec civilization. They were located in the Valley of Mexico around the 13th to 16th century CE, and they used slash-and-burn farming to plant crops to trade. The Inca Empire existed from the 13th to the 16th century CE along the Pacific coast of South America near the Andes Mountains. 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For a lot of reasons, the OlmecRead MoreHow The Maya Civilization Was A Major Social Entity From Approximately 2600 B.c1316 Words   |  6 Pages Mesoamerica Essay The Maya civilization was a major social entity from approximately 2600 B.C.E. to 1521 C.E. The Maya civilization was never a fully unified society; it was primarily made up of numerous small states, in and around what is now known as the Yucatan Peninsula. These states, each apparently centered on a city, were ruled by individual kings. Sometimes, a stronger Maya state would dominate a weaker state and be able to exact tribute and labor from it. The development of agricultureRead MoreThe Culture Of The Mayas, And The Aztecs1693 Words   |  7 Pagespaper. The culture of the Mayas, and the Aztecs has been extremely fundamental in understanding my ancestry, being that I am Mexican American. I took an interest in their beautiful architecture, their ritualistic and sacrificial religious practices, as well as their history and how they began. Throughout this paper I will outline the similarities and differences of these two cultures, as well as articulate an understanding of the humanit y disciplines outlined above. The Maya are probably the best-knownRead MoreEssay about Ancient Civilizations1159 Words   |  5 Pages Early American Civilizations nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early American civilizations were composed of four different groups of people. These four groups were composed of the Mayas, Aztecs, Incas, and the North Americans. These groups were the same in many ways, but had some differences that would distinguish their group from the others. These civilizations ruled the Americas for long period of time. These civilizations were the same in almost every way, but they had their differences to showRead MoreDbq 9: Civilizations of the Americas1258 Words   |  6 PagesDBQ 9: Civilizations of the Americas The Mayan, Aztec and Incan civilizations each contributed major accomplishments to the world today. These accomplishments established them as advanced societies during their time. The Incans built a large road system, devised a complex irrigation system and developed their own language. The Mayans constructed the largest structure known until modern times, made drastic accomplishments in mathematics, studied astronomy and formed a calendar. The Aztecs builtRead MoreThe Aztecs Werelocated In Mexico, Built On A Series Of1180 Words   |  5 PagesThe aztecs were located in Mexico, Built on a series of islets in Lake Texcoco , and was divided in four cities. Itzcoatl successor Montezuma who took power in 1440 By the early 16th century founded in 1428. (found in the 13th century) Mexico-Tenochtitlan, commonly known as Tenochtitlan was a Mexica located on an island in Lake Texcoco, in the Valley of Mexico.Aztec Economy Trade and Currency. the aztec trade everything, it was really import ant to them they relied heavily on agriculture and farmingRead MoreMayans, Incas, And Aztecs Essay1586 Words   |  7 Pagesto an end, there is one civilization that we can put the blame on, the Mayans. There were many myths and legends that come from the 3 major civilizations that we’ve all learned about; Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs. The Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs built great and legendary civilizations in Mexico, Central America, and South America and with understanding these three we get a better understanding of the early life in these places. The first of these three is the Maya civilization. Tracing back to the Mayans

Basf Marketing Report free essay sample

We dont make a lot of the products you buy. We make a lot of the products you buy better.  ® An Exemplar Marketing Company Executive Summary BASF the chemical company is a provider of chemicals that has operations on five continents selling intermediates to various different industries. Founded in Manheim Germany in 1865 BASF has continually been on the move growing its presence globally. Aggressive expansion in the 1960’s led to this global presence with continued growth into the Asian markets planned in the early 2000’s. In order to be known as â€Å"The† global chemical supplier BASF redefined its image by officially changing its name from â€Å"BASF† to â€Å"BASF the chemical company† in 2004. This bold statement is expressed in their brand, corporate identity and company logo. BASF has lived up to this goal establishing itself as the largest chemical company in the world. (1) BASF, which stands for Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (Baden Aniline and Soda Factory), has used its image marketing to evoke the concept that We dont make a lot of the products you buy. We make a lot of the products you buy better.  ®. BASF posted sales of 52. 6 billion euro in 2006 (1) placing itself above Dow Chemical, its closest competition, followed by companies Bayer AG and DuPont. BASF the chemical company markets a strategy in all its divisions called the â€Å"Verbund† concept, a German word meaning â€Å"linked†. This concept of total integration is how BASF aligns its businesses internally as well as with customers and suppliers. BASF has realized a competitive advantage by not only integrating but interlocking value chains. In the last three years practicing on the Verbund concept acquisitions like Engelhard Corporation, Degussa AG and Johnson Polymers have allowed BASF to further its vertical integration of its businesses. In 2007 BASF found its place at a rank of 81 on the Fortune Global 500 Companies list, up from 94 in 2006. In February of 2006 Fortune magazine performed a survey of U. S business professionals and BASF earned the distinction of being one of the 50 most admired companies in the world in a global comparison. Introduction When you say â€Å"BASF the chemical company† many people may not know the name but those who do can usually recite the slogan: We dont make a lot of the products you buy. We make a lot of the products you buy better.  ®. Even those that can recite the slogan can be quite challenged to give one example of a product that BASF makes. Given this you would be amazed at some of the everyday products that use BASF chemicals. The additive that thickens your shampoo, the Ibuprofen used in your pain medication, the Legos  ® your kids play with all have components supplied by BASF. The only reason an average person would hear of BASF is through their corporate level image advertising. How is it that a company whose products are never seen by the average consumer ends up as the worlds largest in its industry? How it is a company that many have not heard of could make acquisitions in the 1. 6 billion dollar range? How is it a company can post sales in the 52. 6 billion euro range and the average consumer does not know who they are yet there products are everywhere? The first team discussions on what company to do the report on a team member brought some information to the table. This information is that he works for the world’s largest chemical company and no one knew what the company truly makes provoking the questions from above. The challenge is to understand how a company markets itself to a global position without the normal consumers influence. Our team chose this company to look at a business that would perform its marketing in a different environment than the main stream consumer environment and to better understand how a company markets without being seen. This is a report on business to business marketing observations of BASF the chemical company. Table of Contents †¢Macro-Environment Context †¢Marketing, Research Customer Analysis †¢Segmentation Target Markets †¢Differentiation and Positioning †¢Marketing Decision Levers †¢Recommendations Macro-Environment Context BASF is the worlds leading chemical company. They offer intelligent solutions based on innovative products and top notch services to its customers globally. This is the basis of their mission statement and purpose as a company. Their mission is also to create opportunities for success through trusted and reliable partnerships. BASF visions of success include sustainable profitable performance, innovation for the success of customers, safety health and environmental responsibility, personal and professional confidence, mutual respect and open dialog as well as integrity. Creating a Sustainable Profitable Performance to BASF is the basis for all activities within the company. They are continually committed to the interest of their customers first and foremost. They take pride in rewarding their employees, shareholders and take the same stance with regards to society as a whole to better the environment around them for future generations. BASF takes pride in developing innovation for their customers to add continuous long term partnerships well into the future. Their trade mark statement of We dont make a lot of the products you buy. We make a lot of the products you buy better.  ® clearly states this philosophy. They derive nearly all of their business from Business to Business (B2B) sales. This makes innovation very important in all of their many niches in multiple markets they involve themselves in. Partnerships are valued within BASF and are built upon continually to mutually take advantage of highly scientific and technological advances. Due to the nature of the business, that being a chemical company, the environment must take precedence to ensure success. In this day and age, if your company doesn’t take steps to protect the environment that it is in, it won’t be in business long enough to matter. BASF takes safety, health, and environment responsibility to a level that supersedes that of economic considerations. BASF makes their products environmentally friendly for future generations by supporting the Responsible Care TM initiatives. BASF puts itself among the best in the world by fostering group-wide diversity personal and professional competencies. They feel that diversity leads to global success and capitalizes on competition by offering many differing views. They encourage employees to be creative and utilize their potential for common success. In addition they treat everyone fairly and with mutual respect. They try to keep open dialog with all employees, customers, stockholders and relevant groups within society to keep all on a level playing field. The last core value that BASF incorporates is Integrity. The company acts with respect to their words and values. They comply with all laws and respect all good business practices in the many countries that they operate. BASF has a great strategy that includes 4 simple strategic initiatives. They earn a premium on their capital, they help their customer be more successful, they form the best team in the industry, and they ensure sustainable development. All of which are conveyed in the visions for the company same as above. The strategic initiatives are the product of years of providing excellent products at a competitive price to all of its customers. Politically speaking, BASF is globally involved. Based in Germany and intertwined within business all around the world it would be impossible to not be involved in politics. It takes a great stance on political issues to continue its success in business and to show continued enthusiasm in protecting the environment. With regards to the Environment, BASF strives to be the best and let the world know that this is an important issue. Environmental issues in past years have shown light on companies that make their business creating and working with chemicals. BASF cannot escape the microscope of this issue. They comply with all government regulations in all countries it does business to ensure their future. They support the Responsible Care TM initiatives and keep them at the forefront of their values. Environmental issues to BASF ties directly to their social responsibility. The people at BASF value their own lives as much as their neighbors and support this by their integrity. They treat those around the world with the same respect that they feel they would want, regardless of what they are doing. Be it they are selling products to another company or creating a new product, social responsibility is never taken lightly. Technologically BASF prides itself in being the best for themselves and those they do business. They invest millions upon millions to ensure success in the ever changing markets all over the globe. They pass their technological advances on to their customers to ensure continued success and lasting partnerships. Technological advances in the chemical field have undoubtedly kept BASF at the top for so many years. Given a clear SWOT analysis of BASF from any level of the organization, the business unit, the product line or the specific product yields a clear image of their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats all over the globe. SWOT analyses are often used during sales meetings to identify opportunities in the market. They have proven themselves over and over by being a superior company throughout all markets. A tried and true philosophy rooted in the company’s vision and values brings this out in them. They continually identify trends in the industry and counter the changes all the time. In addition they analyze their competition whenever possible to capitalize on those before them. BASF analyzes itself through multiple management channels to ensure continued innovation and profit for its customers, employees and shareholders. Teams all around the globe research the firm’s present and future clients to build lasting relationships and capitalize on hidden opportunities to improve themselves. Their strengths encompass being a globally prestigious brand, a large market share, and universally known for its social and environmental activities. Opportunities lie within possible joint product lines with other companies and customers. Weaknesses of BASF are global spreading in the way of having employees all over the world and keeping focus on attainable goals. They are influential in just about all markets and run the risk of being thin in a small amount of them. Threats within the chemical market could be the continual need to stay environmentally friendly. This can add costs and reduce focus on core assets of the business. While everyone wants to stay â€Å"green†, it comes at a price and that has to be economically accounted for keeping the cost benefit ratio at an equilibrium that is good for all. Marketing Research Customer Analysis BASF being a company that markets its goods and services to organizational firms primarily focuses on the practice of business marketing and being a company that produces no real end product the analysis of normal consumer behavior is not widely used. The success of a business to business marketing plan is in the hands of an organizations purchasing group. These groups that make the purchasing decisions for organizations usually have numerous deliverables that could drive the individual market. One group may see delivery performance as a key factor in their purchasing decisions, the next market segment may see price, value added services or warranty as the key elements. Because of this BASF must continually scan the environment of each of its individual segments and markets using a multidomestic marketing strategy. Being a global provider of chemicals the use a multidomestic marketing strategy helps in the sale of their diverse array of products dependant upon the particular market and the unique region. Marketing research in a commodity based business like the chemical business is primarily based on the use of combination of secondary data analysis and a small amount of primary data gathering and mainly environmental scanning. Scanning the environment and staying on top of the latest social, economic, technological, competitive and regulatory forces help BASF form its global strategy in marketing. This strategy then flows down to the different divisions using more practical marketing research tools to grow the business. Being a business to business company means marketing research is primarily secondary data. BASF globally uses SAP business software. The information gathered in this software is used to formulate sales forecast based off past performance. It is also used to analyze what products are moving and which are not giving key indicators of what products or even divisions are the Stars which are the Dogs, Cash Cows and Question marks. Corporate sales, procurement and logistic systems like WorldAccount or Ensphere ® are also used to gather this data to better service the customer. Trade magazines and publications are used by many of the divisions to gather data in the development of marketing plans. Here is an example from one of the divisions; BASF Industrial Coatings uses trade publications like Metalmag and Construction News to analyze industry trends. Along with trade magazines industry web sites provide information as well. Sites like the one listed below provide valuable information to keep BASF on top of the industry and what’s the voice of the customer. These sites are for the Industrial Coatings division. http://www. coolmetalroofing. org (cool metal roofing coalition) http://www. coolroofs. org (cool roof rating council) http://www. metalconstruction. org (metal construction association) http://www. themetalinitiative. com http://www. designandbuildwithmetal. com (new website lots of pertinent info). Although this is just one division of BASF the same practices reflect across the different divisions. Although not highly used, BASF does a small amount of primary data gathering. In the different divisions web polls, new product or service trials and focus groups have been used to gather information about the voice of the customer. Companies like Ducker Worldwide have performed â€Å"Voice of the Customer Focus Groups† to gather information on the performance of BASF as compared to their competition. Trials include potential new products or services that are either presented or given to a customer to test the markets interest in such goods. These goods or services are run through a customer in the industry to collect information on what the markets tolerance is for such goods or services. Regulatory, social, economic, competitive and technological forces help steer the marketing plan of the various BASF divisions. Through environmental scanning in each of these unique regions BASF collects data. The data is then analyzed to focus on trends in the global market. This data is then used to help direct the company and marketing plan. Canada has had legislation banning/limiting the use and importing of the chemicals such as Isophorone. Isophorone is a distillate of acetone a chemical used in inks, coatings and copolymers. This markets regulatory force led to a change in the components used in coatings sold into Canada. This led to the marketing of â€Å"Isophrone Free† coatings. This information was gathered and then marketed through brochures and fliers as well as the face to face interactions of the BASF sales force with their Canadian customers. With the ever increasing focus on the health of our environment, not only locally but globally, BASF has recognized this social pressure and focused an incredible amount of energy on marketing to the â€Å"Green Movement†. A mere visit to the BASF web site will show the amount of energy being placed upon marketing to the environment. This Green Marketing can be seen in headlines like â€Å"Intelligent solutions for climate protection†, â€Å"Sustainable development†, â€Å"Eco-Efficiency† and â€Å"Climate Protection† on the lead in page of their web site. BASF is currently marketing its association with world wide movement â€Å"Eco- Efficiency Analysis†. Figure 1. Eco-Efficiency Analysis comparing BASF Ibuprofen to competition This term that was coined by the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) in its 1992 publication Changing Course looks at the overall footprint of a product from â€Å"cradle to grave†. Realizing the negative image of chemicals and their effect on the environment BASF uses Eco-Efficiency certification to market and sell the total impact a product will have on the environment. The hope is that their product will stand out as environmentally better than the competitions (Figure 1). This certification is being offered on many of its product lines across the globe. Products like Ultradur  ® high Speed easy flow plastic, Ecoflex  ® biodegradable packaging material carry the Eco-Efficiency seal. Other products like or Ultra-cool  ® paints with UV resistant pigments to reduce heat transfer in buildings carry the Energy Star certification. All these have come from environmental scanning. Ultra cool was marketed well enough that it pre-dated any legislation that followed. California’s â€Å"Title 24 Energy Code† now mandates solar reflective coatings used in construction. In the metal roofing industry BASF was the only company producing â€Å"cool† coatings that could meet this legislation and they were producing it before the legislation was enacted. Since then all major suppliers of paint for metal roofing have developed and now market â€Å"cool† coatings. This market segment did not exist until the development of BASFs Ultra-cool ® coatings. This is a testament to the effects of collecting marketing data using environmental scanning, product development and marketing. In scanning the economic climate BASF has gathered data for years on the benefits of their concept Verbund also known as total integration. The Verbund concept has been marketed through every division of BASF the chemical company. There is a â€Å"Purchasing Verbund†, â€Å"Safety Verbund†, a â€Å"Production Verbund† and many more. Calculations show that the Verbund saves BASF about EUR 500 million each year at the company’s Ludwigshafen site alone. Environmental scanning of the economic climate continues on â€Å"The Source† BASF’s Intranet. On â€Å"The Source† is a link to Key Economic Indicators (Figure 2) allowing real time look at the current up to date economic forces that could affect sales. There are tabs for each of the major regions that BASF operates US, Mexico, Canada, Germany etc. All this data gathered to help direct Marketing Figure 2. BASF Intranet link to Key Economic Indicators allowing BASF to focus its marketing plan Competitive forces have led BASF to further practice its Verbund concept and have three major acquisitions over the last few years. These recent acquisitions have led to BASF being portrayed as a bull in the chemical market(5) Engelhard Corporation manufacturing catalytic converters, Johnson Polymer growing the company’s access to a vast array of resin technologies and Degussa in construction chemicals were all acquisitions based off of the vertical integration concept of Verbund. Decisions brought by environmental scanning. Scanning the market for technology trends has played a large part in how BASF has placed itself in the market. E-commerce is one of BASF’s primary means of doing business. An example of reverse marketing is the procurement division requiring that suppliers be E- commerce savvy and able to use programs like WorldAccount, ChemConnect or Elemica as well as Extranet solutions through their purchasing portal (3. b) BASF requires suppliers to have a high degree of e-readiness. WorldAccount is a global integrated extranet platform which serves as the basis for various BASF regional portals. Information is gathered from transaction over this media to be used in analysis for marketing decisions. All these factors from environmental scanning play a part in how BASF does its marketing research. As state in â€Å"Elements† a quarterly publication to BASF employees and retirees, â€Å"In order to ensure that BASF products are suited to market demands, the company constantly analyzes industry trends and incorporating specific knowledge into its research and development† (elements summer 2007) Segmentation Target Markets Joe Breunig, executive vice president of BASF Corporation, explains that before 1986 the company was a â€Å"patchwork company,† comprised of a chemicals division, a coatings division, and a fibers division (Breunig 9). Worldwide, BASF employs over 82,000, and in 2004, the company earned over 50 billion euros. As a business to business organization, BASF utilizes segmentation in order to reach businesses of all types. BASF contributes cutting edge segmentation to the economic market. The main segments of BASF include chemicals, plastics, agricultural products nutrition, performance products, and oil gas. The wide diversity within each of these marketing segments greatly expands the company’s global reach. From its headquarters in Ludwigshafen, Germany, BASF has spread its product segments to all areas of the world. The chemical segment of BASF caters to such industries as automobiles, pharmaceuticals, textiles and construction. Examples of chemicals that frame this segment include acids, petrochemicals, inorganics, glues and impregnating resins, amines and polyalcohols. The plastic segment of BASF includes engineering plastics, caprolactam and nylon, styrene, and polyurethane basic materials and polyurethane systems. BASF is one of the world’s largest producers of styrenics, which are used in many household items. Many manufacturers and plastic molders all over the globe are supplied by the plastic segment of BASF. Another segment of BASF is the agricultural products and nutrition segment. This segment supplies chemicals for food processing, human and animal nutrition products, personal care products, pharmaceuticals and farming industries. Insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, UV absorbers, vitamins and pharmaceutical active ingredients are also some examples of products from the agricultural products and nutrition segment. The performance segment provides high quality functional polymers, chemicals and coatings. Industries that may purchase from this particular segment include the paper, construction, automotive, leather, packaging, printing and coating industries. Examples of customer purchases would be leather, textiles, and paper chemicals, monomers, raw materials for adhesives and detergents, lubricant and fuel additives, superabsorbers, and refinish coatings for automotive OEM (original equipment manufacturer). The last segment, oil and gas, conducts explorations for natural gas and crude oil. It also produces crude oil, and markets and trades natural gas throughout Europe. BASF works with OAO Gazprom, the largest global producer of natural gas. With over a three billions euro investment in natural gas pipeline and storage construction, BASF (subsidiary Wintershall/AG) and Gazprom have jointly placed themselves in the lead of the natural gas markets in Europe. In its efforts to provide cutting edge chemicals and products to other businesses, BASF invested 920 million euros for technological research in five areas including plant biotechnology, white biotechnology, raw material change, energy management, and nanotechnology. Over half of this research funding is allocated to the biotechnology fields. BASF uses these research strategies in order to target the most lucrative markets. The target markets within BASF’s plastic segment include, electrical appliances and electronics, machines and industrial applications, automotive engineering, cosmetics packaging, household, communication/consumer electronics/computer, sports and leisure, construction and hardware, medical technology, machines and industrial applications, and packaging and films. Some of the major products that BASF sells to these target plastic markets include styrenics, foams, biodegradable plastics, and engineering plastics. The target markets within the agricultural segment of BASF include mainly farmers, but other markets nclude forestry, public health, turf, and ornamental growers. Some products that BASF sells to these industries include herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides. Another area where BASF has target markets is within their chemicals segment. They market their chemicals to a vast array of industries including automotive, food services, medical supplies/medical equipment ser vices, construction, and electronics. Within this segment, BASF markets such products as ammonia, glue, fertilizer, bleaching agents, fiber optics, and alkali metal specialty products. The target markets within the performance products segment of BASF include the textile industry, construction businesses, the automotive industry, packaging manufactures, and the chemical industry. Products marketed in these industries include moisture free packaging materials, coatings for paper and automobiles, adhesives, antistatic agents, and detergents and cleaners. Differentiation and Positioning The Verbund concept at BASF which translates to total integration is what sets it apart from the competition. This concept is applied all across the board from research and development all the way down to safety. What it means is that BASF will customize a product and/or service and present it to their client in a way that will work for them. For example the coating division of BASF has a product called Ultra-Cool ® which is used on roofs. It was developed with larger businesses in mind to help reduce cooling costs and improve the environment at the same time. They then supplied this product along with the knowledge of the benefits it provides in the form of a sales person. Instead of just handing off a product, it is this total integration in the process that is exemplified by the Verbund concept. Below is a diagram of this concept from the research and development division. Figure 3 The central circle of this diagram represents the central research laboratories located in Ludwigshafen, Germany. The boxes represent the decentralized laboratories located in other parts of Germany, the United States and Japan. By having the decentralized laboratories in locations such as universities and research institutes, they are able to obtain new technology and fresh knowledge and ideas to create better products. These innovations can then be passed on to businesses that can use them in the local areas. Another aspect of the Verbund concept is customer service. There are representative all over the world that work one-on-one with BASF clients from the very start. It is an intentional move on the part of BASF because they know that if they offer outstanding service along with the product, the customer will put them first in their minds. This strategy is working for them and it shows in the numbers as they are the number one chemical company in the world. The following is and example of a possible positioning statement for BASF: For the business of any size that needs a chemical based product that is kinder to the environment, BASF is the leader in the chemical industry and offers innovative products at a fair price to increase the efficiency of your business. Unlike The Dow Chemical Company, BASF not only delivers the product, but also includes service from a BASF trained employee to answer all of your questions. Marketing Decision Levers Product BASF is a chemical company that offers a wide range of products for different industries as well as uses. BASFs products include chemicals, plastics, performance products, agricultural products and fine chemicals as well as crude oil and natural gas. BASF believes that their technological competence and cost leadership is an excellent marketing position which became the cornerstone of their success with their products. BASF’s chemical line consists of inorganics, catalyst, petrochemicals, trioxane, and intermediates. The inorganics division offers a wide range of inorganic chemicals and specialties which is mostly based on natural gas and a variety of metal compounds. The basic chemicals and specialties are sold to industries worldwide. Catalysts are a substance which provides an acceleration of a chemical reaction. Petrochemicals are chemical products that are made from raw materials of petroleum or other sources such as coal or natural gas. 1,3,5-Trioxane is a stable cyclic trimer (a reaction product) that can be used in a wide variety of applications with different product such as cleaning products, energy products, electronics, biosphere products, metal protection and material. Benefits from using this product are getting rid of waste water. Intermediates are all of the substances generated during the conversion of some reactant to a product and is used for the succeeding step. BASF sells intermediates that serve as the starting line for the manufacture of several products such as detergents, plastics, textile fibers, colors and coating, drugs and crop protection agents. BASF’s line of intermediates includes amines, diols, polyalcohol, acids and specialties. Their Agricultural and Nutrition line includes agricultural products, cosmetic ingredients/aroma chemicals, nutrition and pharma solutions. The agricultural products offer fungicides, herbicides, and insecticides. The main agricultural products offered are F500 (pyraclostrobin), Boscalid, Fipronil and the Clearfield production system. The cosmetic ingredients/aroma chemicals offered are used in cosmetics and perfumes within various companies. The nutrition products offered are vitamins, carotenoids, enzymes and organic acids. They are divided into two categories: Human nutrition (Nutritional ingredients for the dietary supplement, beverage, and food industry) and Animal Nutrition (Feed additives for all major species of farm and domestic animals). Pharma solutions help pharmacies become more successful. They provide pharmaceutical ingrediants as well as provide support for the production of their drugs. The plastics department offers stryrenics (which is a plastic used for their impact resistance), foams (often used in packaging), biodegradable plastics, engineering plastics (often used in in the automotive and industrial realms) and polyurethanes. These can be used for automotive construction, electrical engineering , communication, packaging toys, sports and leisure, household items, mechanical engineering, construction, and medical technology. BASF’s performance chemicals includes coatings (paints that protect surfaces and give them color), construction chemicals (sports and industrial flooring, exterior insulation, building products, facade systems, and wood preserving agents), performance chemicals (these are used for coatings, plastics, automotive and refinery industry, detergents and formulators, textiles and leather), and functional polymers (these can be used as dispersions, melts, granules or solutions. It basically has an unlimited potential). Price All of these wide variety of products would make you think that there are a lot of different prices to consider when purchasing from BASF. Because the products they offer are mostly raw materials, the prices of their products change with the economy. When the price of oil goes up, their prices for materials related to that product go up as well. They don’t base their prices off of any index or manufacturer recommendation. This price fluctuation does not affect the quality of their services as there is really no comparison by price to judge whether or not the product is quality. The price that BASF offers for it’s products does not affect consumer perceptions of their company. It seems that along with the business of providing chemicals, they also bring along the feeling of connecting with their customer on a higher level. That overrules the price effect on a consumers decision to go with BASF. BASF does not use the concept of off-peak pricing, which consists of charging different prices during different times of the day, week, or month. This usually reflects the varying demands of the services or products offered. BASF would not benefit from this tactic because the only reason their price changes would be due to the economy and their resources. They do not have a peak time or an off-peak time of demands for their products because they are raw materials and chemicals. The chemicals that BASF offers are in need to make finished products by many different companies at all times of the year. Place BASF uses the e-commerce network widely to reach their customers and suppliers. E-commerce is the electronic handling of business transactions with purchases and production. They conduct most of their transactions through the web in which a customer can log into their personal account and purchase their products through what they call WorldAccount. BASF uses the new internet e-commerce world as a way to make communication faster, more effective, and more direct. It allows customers to have service 24/7, get precise product information, have orders processed faster as well as keep current data on all of your orders. BASF found that the e-commerce way of providing products was the best way allowing more detail and service to be provided to the customer. BASF also has a good representation with production and sales facilities in all of the economic regions. They are located in five continents which are Europe (which is their home market), North America, Asia, Africa and South America. They have more than 100 large sites throughout the world which allows them to be closer to their customers in 170 countries and supply them with their products in a reliable manner. BASF has verbund sites located in Germany (Ludwigshafen), Belgium (Antwerp), Freeport Texas, Louisiana, Malaysia (Kuantan), and China (Nanjing). The term verbund is a German word and means â€Å"linked† or â€Å"integrated†. These verbund facilities make use of integration production processes which makes it less expensive to manufacture the products. This allows BASF to supply a wide variety of different sectors. BASF also operates important production sites which are located in Germany (Schwarzheide), Spain (Tarragona), Port Arthur, Texas, Mexico (Altamira), Brazil (Guaratingueta), China (Shanghai), Japan, (Yokkaichi) and Korea (Ulsan). The use of these multiple locations makes BASF a company that one can rely on almost anywhere you are located. This allows the company to become inseparable from their customers making it more convenient to do business with them in person, as well as through their online stores. Promotion The main idea about BASF’s promotional campaign in Europe is to show that certain things would not exist without their chemicals. It aids you in the course of life and without them, certain things would not be attainable for you. Their main slogan is â€Å"Invisible Contribution. Visible Success. They are aiming to show you that BASF is often working behind the scenes to make their invisible contribution that creates a visible success for their customers through using their chemicals to create the end product. Their image campaign in Europe(which is made up of television commercials and print ads) is directed at the opinion leaders. These are members of society who lead others and shape the views of the general public. The campaign has been covered in Germany, France, Great Britian, Italy, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands through newspapers and lifestyle magazines (such as business, news and science magazines). Their television ads are broadcast during scientific and sport programs, new bulletins, films and television series and is aimed at a wide target audience in Europe. They feature different ads for each type of chemical that they provide which include television ads for the paper industry, the semiconductor industry, water treatment, house construction, sports and leisure, road construction, agricultural products, extreme sports, automotive industry, bridge construction, sun protection, fuel, and plasticizers. They are making sure that they cover each kind of service that they offer by showing this wide variety of television and print ads. BASF uses a discrete way of creating publicity for themselves. When you are on their website for Europe advertising you have the opportunity to download their several different print ad campaigns and use them how you would like. They also offer the option for you to purchase either a postcard or poster of the ad. Publicity is something that is nonpersonal and an indirectly paid presentation of an organization, good or service. In this case, the customer, or fan of BASF, is paying for the poster or postcard, and in turn when sending that postcard or putting up that poster, they are providing no personal advertising that was not directly paid for by BASF. It is a pretty creative way of getting a profit and recognition while allowing their customer’s to do the advertising for them. In this case, the publicity works for them. When it comes to advertising in America, the rules are a little different than they are in Europe. Their main theme is that they are helping to make products better. Their main focus is to show how their chemicals can make your everyday life better here and around the world by creating remarkable and visible changes in many of the most important industries. Their slogan is â€Å"We dont make a lot of the products you buy. We make a lot of the products you buy better.  ®Ã¢â‚¬ . This slogan, according to BASF, has made them the most recognized of any chemical company in North America. The purpose of the several different TV ads allow you to see that they don’t make the finished product, they just provide the quality ingredients to make the best products. It also allows you to see that there are countless uses of the BASF materials that allows you to enjoy life. Just as their slogan says, in most of their TV ads they tell you that they don’t make the product, they just make the product itself better. For example, â€Å"We don’t make the helmet, We make it tougher† is a slogan used in a commercial about their Ultramid polymide nylon that provides hardness and abrasion resistance commonly used in helmets. Along with their TV and print ads, BASF is moving into a more innovational way of advertising to keep up with the demands of advertising and today’s technology. They offer through their website Podcasts. These podcasts include an audible innovation magazine of BASF that offers monthly topics on how chemistry and chemicals will design and shape our future. The other podcast available through the BASF website is â€Å"The Chemical Reporter†. This podcast is for the curious person that has questions about chemistry in your everyday life. This podcast offers answer in their weekly episodes. You can download this to your iTunes account or as an MP3 file for you MP3 player. Another innovation offered is to receive all news alerts and press releases through a RSS feed free of charge. This allows a customer to receive up-to-date news about BASF in a very quick and comfortable way (at your own computer). The only draw back is that you have to download and RSS-reader, but once you have you can select from several different news topics about BASF available online at their website. I’m sure these new innovations are there to create a buzz and traffic to their website. Recommendations The success of BASF marketing can be seen in there continual growth globally. To make recommendations would be easier if we were to look at one division of the company. Either due to market conditions or poor market strategy planning not all the divisions of BASF can be doing well at any given time. The American auto industry is in a state of flux with ever present pressures from the global market. Although divisionally BASF will feel these pressures globally their affiliation with non-US auto makers absorb some of this industries variation, this allowing time for the US market to be analyzed and adjustments to be made. Pure recommendations would have to come from some direct market analysis based off of the division of the company. BASF has done a great job in their Verbund concept. Being a supplier, the concept of interlocking processes or systems creates a relationship with the customer that is hard, or sometimes inefficient to break. From this alignment with cusotmers long term relationships are established. BASF could draw better on global technologies. In looking through the BASF corporate web site many of the technologies that are seen are from different countries. Online information on the use of these products in a specific country could not be confirmed or denied as a potential customer it would have been nice to know that they are available domestically. One observation is that BASF although a hidden part of many â€Å"name brand† products does not benefit from any of their customers successes. Co-branding could lock in the business through the social pressures felt by dropping BASF as a supplier in favor of an alternative. One flaw of focusing on the Verbund concept to lock in customer loyalty is it makes social pressure less of a final end consumer pressure and more of an industry pressure which in the end may not affect sales. In not hurting sales the decision to drop BASF is less of an issue of end unit sales and more of an internal issue of efficiency. Companies like Dow and DuPont often add their name to products in advertising. One example is LineX. LineX is a truck bed liner that is spray applied. This product uses BASF chemicals yet it is DuPont that benefits from co branding with LineX. LineX advertises on their website the following â€Å"LineX, fortified with DuPont Kevlar†. This co-branding is getting the name DuPont and their product Kevlar out to the end consumer. Thus if the customer is happy with the bed liner they may be happy with a product like â€Å"Suave shampoo with DuPont thickening agent† when it should be â€Å"Suave shampoo with BASF thickening agent†. This co-branding would broaden BASF’s evoked set and lock in customer relationships. BASF should capitalize on their success more publicly. The successes of BASF can only be found through their website. These high points in the story of BASF would help establish the confidence that a purchasing group would have in dealing with a stable successful company like BASF. One last recommendation would be to sponsor more events. Dow and DuPont get much of there brand awareness from the sponsorship of events like racing. BASF does a limited amount of this and mostly on a divisional basis. Sponsoring events would get the BASF name out there making it more of an everyday name than it is today.

Money and Social Class In Sense and Sensibility Essay Example

Money and Social Class In Sense and Sensibility Essay Sense and Sensibility was the first book written by Jane Austen. The novel focuses on a woman, Mrs. Dashwood, and her three daughters; Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret.   They are forced to rely on the kindness of distant relations and friends for financial and social support.It is also a love story. Throughout the story, both Elinor and Marianne are pursuing the prospect of marriage.   The novel describes a society that places social and economic and moral burdens on a person, which can seem unbearable to the modern reader. Austens message is that these burdens must be tolerated and confronted, because there is no other society in which to live; and because there is always the hope that these burdens will be overcome. In this novel, each person has been given a reason to reflect on their experiences, and have the free will to change modify their behavior and participate in whatever is achievable in their world.   The rational Elinor is best suited to bear these burdens and not b e overcome by despair over situations, while Marriane is irrational and seems vulnerable in most situations.Watt (1963) explains a number of values and social codes that he senses may be lost on readers. He mentions, for instance, the use of first names by Marianne and Willoughby, suggesting emotional attachment. He proposes that the novel does not emphasize the individual experiences of Elinor and Marianne, but in â€Å"their relation to a fixed code of values† (43).   Who is Watt?   He’s not listed in your works cited.   True.â€Å"To be face-to-face in this world is already to belong to a class. No other community, in physical presence or in social reality, is by any means knowable. And it is not only most of2the people who have disappeared †¦ it is also most of the country, which becomes real only as it relates to the houses which are the real modes; for the rest of the country is weather or a place for a walk† (Williams, 166).  Ã‚   She said th is entire quote by Williams is a dropped quote.   I think she has a point-what is the point? (see below)Raymond Williams’s class-based reading of the novel points out the view from the upper windows of Austens Great Houses. If the woman at the window presents a certain demeanor of self-control and longing, the image of the country walk draws Austens characters out into the broader social space of the countryside. For instance, when Elinor and Edward walk out from Norland Park and leave behind the interferences of Norland, their pairs first private encounter occurs when they walk out into a green field with the Great House in the background. The line of the hill focuses on the manor, situated behind the trees. This image sets the nineteenth-century concept of a sense in motion. The characters walk through the middle of the park portrays a sense of depth; they seem to be vanishing, which is the point of this situation in the novel. Consider, for instance, the sequence in Sens e and Sensibility where Elinor and Edward walk out from Norland Park. They discuss Edwards prospects. Modestly, he states: A country living is my ideal, a small parish, where I might do some goodkeep chickensgive very short sermons. Edward and Elinor now proceed on horseback at a leisurely pace. Show this in the text!   This does need back-up from the text.   How is this concept specifically introduced?   Why?   What made you think of this.   It really needs examples from the text to clarify.Elinor and Edwards walk raises the issues of gender and class. From the static place of the woman at the window, this image demonstrates the essence of the female in motion. To explain the idea of gender and class mobility, Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall show the beginning of the middle-class distinction between private and public appearances in the early 19th century. They show the separation of the female’s place in the home in relation to a class-based focus on careful r egulation of spatial, temporal and social categories (Davidoff and Hall, 319). This idea of social differences is demonstrated through of middle-class woman’s exile into to the private realm of the family.3Davidoff and Hall note how increasing social pressures made it suspicious, if not evendangerous for a respectable young woman to travel alone through the countryside. The socialand physical mobility provided to middle-class men of the period was exaggerated by the increasing confinement of women. In Sense and Sensibility, Mariannes rainy-weather ramblings precipitate physical peril (the quintessential turned ankle, and two chance downpours) and rescue. This incident does not fundamentally controvert the countrysides seemingly empty and benevolent nature. In practice, however, the historical struggle for female physical mobility is reworked in the adaptations through the exigencies of shifting generic convention (more exterior sequences) and the corporeal performance of gend er roles.How is this idea also endured in the also endured in Sense and Sensibility?   Marianne’s illness and the extremes Elinor had to go to in order to reach her?   There are many examples of how   females have no choice but to rely on males for transportation, and sometimes the consequences are serious.   You could use the previously stated situation and perhaps one other with fewer, less extreme consequences.In Sense and Sensibility, a balance between economic independence and cultural worth is set up in the daughters. Marianne and Elinor may not be as financially secure, but they seem more cultured than the other characters. At times they seem to be chasing money, especially Marianne, but they are after more than that. Marianne and Elinor may be underadvantaged materially, but they are the cultural arbiters of value in the novel. Even if they err momentarily, as Elizabeth does, they do not capitulate to mere money.Explain.   I was thinking of deleting this ent ire paragraph, but I’m not sure that’s such a good idea.Maaja Stewart (1993) explains the value of the economics of this time period. Stewart feels the book demonstrates the conflict between older and younger sons. Some men are financially limited by being younger sons or by having only daughters.In addition, the Middleton’s and the Dashwoods represent a leisure class that has nothing to do.   Unlike some of the wealthy characters, they have nothing to do because they do not really care about others around them and do not feel obligated for the most part.   John Dashwood’s managing is simply a chance to show off by â€Å"improving the estate† and his lack of character is shown through his total disregard for the past and for nature (Austen, 226).When not engaged in educational pursuits or daily responsibilities, the characters in Austens novels spend their time in various forms of amusement. Since the novel is set in isolated country village, h ow the characters amuse themselves is salient. Games play a large role as entertainment, particularly cards, as do walks, outdoor sports, and needlework of all kinds.In Sense and Sensibility Mrs. Dashwood and Edward Ferrars discuss idleness specifically as it relates to him: She suggests that he would be happier if he had something to occupy his time, and he replies:I do assure you . . . that I have long thought on this point, as you think now. It has been, and is, and probably will always be a heavy misfortune to me, that I have had no necessary business to engage me, no profession to give me employment, or afford me anything like independence. . . . I am an idle, helpless being. . . . I was . . . properly entered at Oxford and have been properly idle ever since. . . . [My sons] will be brought up, said he, in a serious accent, to be as unlike myself as is possible. (103-4);How is this concept shorn through the text? Lucy and Anne Steele obviously loathed Elinor and Marianne Dashwo od: â€Å"Their presence was a restraint both on [Anne] and on Lucy.;4It checked the idleness of one, and the business of the other† (Austen, 247).  Ã‚   Show through examples in the text why this is included as part of this essay.The plot seems to evolve from a series of promises, both spoken and implied, between men and women in the novel. The women have no choice but to be dependent on the men.   This makes them very vulnerable because of the promises that some of the men have made and broken.As the novel opens, we are told that the â€Å"family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex,† and that the old gentleman who owned Norland Park intended to â€Å"bequeath† the estate to his nephew and his family, who came to live with him and provided him with comfort, assistance, and enjoyment in his final years (1). Such an inheritance would allow Mr. Dashwood to provide well for all of his family, a son who had been born of his first marriage, and three daug hters born to him in his second.Show examples of this.The best solution for a woman in the position of the Dashwoods or the Steeles was to marry, to find a husband who could support her. Such a solution, however, prevented the woman from being self-sufficient. Once she was married, she became completely dependentupon her husband. Even money belonging to a woman before marriage was no longer under her control. According to English law at the time, when a man and a woman were married, they became only one entity under the law. That entity was the man. His wife legally became   his property, as well as his children. A married woman could not legally control her own money, could not make business contracts, and basically could not have her own identity.Many modern authorities acknowledge Austens focus on money and property in Sense and Sensibility. Nearly every character is defined by their financial worth.   A women’s entire life depended on her abilility to improve her econ omic and social standing.The roles of class and money are discussed by Juliet McMaster and Edward Copeland in The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen (Lambdin, 2000). Oliver MacDonagh stresses the importance of money in the novel in â€Å"Receiving and Spending† (Lambdin, 43). He emphasizes Elinor and Marianne’s submissiveness in financial matters and how this parallels with Jane Austens life, which seemed to involve a high awareness of economics, but she personally had no authority over it.;Instructor comments on the entirety of the essay:Karen-This picture shows a good awareness of the â€Å"big picture† and your use of what the historians and critics have to offer.   However, the paper doesn’t really come together as anything but an â€Å"overall† awareness.   What exactly was your thesis?   Is it the contrast between Marianne and Elinor; the statement of the social and economic burdens needing to be tolerated and confronted; or is it somet hing else I am completely not understanding?   You need more ideas and interpretations from the text including examples and your interpretation-what is the significance of these examples, how do they support your ideas, etc.   This essay is organized around outside souces.   While it is good to have an overall idea of the society you are discussing, you nedd to back up your ideas further, especially through examples and interpreations of the text.Grade:   B-   You have not specifically backed up your ideas, and there is virtually nothing from the text to support your ideas. Money and Social Class In Sense and Sensibility Essay Example Money and Social Class In Sense and Sensibility Essay Sense and Sensibility was the first book written by Jane Austen. The novel focuses on a woman, Mrs. Dashwood, and her three daughters; Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret.   They are forced to rely on the kindness of distant relations and friends for financial and social support.It is also a love story. Throughout the story, both Elinor and Marianne are pursuing the prospect of marriage.   The novel describes a society that places social and economic and moral burdens on a person, which can seem unbearable to the modern reader. Austens message is that these burdens must be tolerated and confronted, because there is no other society in which to live; and because there is always the hope that these burdens will be overcome. In this novel, each person has been given a reason to reflect on their experiences, and have the free will to change modify their behavior and participate in whatever is achievable in their world.   The rational Elinor is best suited to bear these burdens and not b e overcome by despair over situations, while Marriane is irrational and seems vulnerable in most situations.Watt (1963) explains a number of values and social codes that he senses may be lost on readers. He mentions, for instance, the use of first names by Marianne and Willoughby, suggesting emotional attachment. He proposes that the novel does not emphasize the individual experiences of Elinor and Marianne, but in â€Å"their relation to a fixed code of values† (43).   Who is Watt?   He’s not listed in your works cited.   True.â€Å"To be face-to-face in this world is already to belong to a class. No other community, in physical presence or in social reality, is by any means knowable. And it is not only most of2the people who have disappeared †¦ it is also most of the country, which becomes real only as it relates to the houses which are the real modes; for the rest of the country is weather or a place for a walk† (Williams, 166).  Ã‚   She said th is entire quote by Williams is a dropped quote.   I think she has a point-what is the point? (see below)Raymond Williams’s class-based reading of the novel points out the view from the upper windows of Austens Great Houses. If the woman at the window presents a certain demeanor of self-control and longing, the image of the country walk draws Austens characters out into the broader social space of the countryside. For instance, when Elinor and Edward walk out from Norland Park and leave behind the interferences of Norland, their pairs first private encounter occurs when they walk out into a green field with the Great House in the background. The line of the hill focuses on the manor, situated behind the trees. This image sets the nineteenth-century concept of a sense in motion. The characters walk through the middle of the park portrays a sense of depth; they seem to be vanishing, which is the point of this situation in the novel. Consider, for instance, the sequence in Sens e and Sensibility where Elinor and Edward walk out from Norland Park. They discuss Edwards prospects. Modestly, he states: A country living is my ideal, a small parish, where I might do some goodkeep chickensgive very short sermons. Edward and Elinor now proceed on horseback at a leisurely pace. Show this in the text!   This does need back-up from the text.   How is this concept specifically introduced?   Why?   What made you think of this.   It really needs examples from the text to clarify.Elinor and Edwards walk raises the issues of gender and class. From the static place of the woman at the window, this image demonstrates the essence of the female in motion. To explain the idea of gender and class mobility, Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall show the beginning of the middle-class distinction between private and public appearances in the early 19th century. They show the separation of the female’s place in the home in relation to a class-based focus on careful r egulation of spatial, temporal and social categories (Davidoff and Hall, 319). This idea of social differences is demonstrated through of middle-class woman’s exile into to the private realm of the family.3Davidoff and Hall note how increasing social pressures made it suspicious, if not evendangerous for a respectable young woman to travel alone through the countryside. The socialand physical mobility provided to middle-class men of the period was exaggerated by the increasing confinement of women. In Sense and Sensibility, Mariannes rainy-weather ramblings precipitate physical peril (the quintessential turned ankle, and two chance downpours) and rescue. This incident does not fundamentally controvert the countrysides seemingly empty and benevolent nature. In practice, however, the historical struggle for female physical mobility is reworked in the adaptations through the exigencies of shifting generic convention (more exterior sequences) and the corporeal performance of gend er roles.How is this idea also endured in the also endured in Sense and Sensibility?   Marianne’s illness and the extremes Elinor had to go to in order to reach her?   There are many examples of how   females have no choice but to rely on males for transportation, and sometimes the consequences are serious.   You could use the previously stated situation and perhaps one other with fewer, less extreme consequences.In Sense and Sensibility, a balance between economic independence and cultural worth is set up in the daughters. Marianne and Elinor may not be as financially secure, but they seem more cultured than the other characters. At times they seem to be chasing money, especially Marianne, but they are after more than that. Marianne and Elinor may be underadvantaged materially, but they are the cultural arbiters of value in the novel. Even if they err momentarily, as Elizabeth does, they do not capitulate to mere money.Explain.   I was thinking of deleting this ent ire paragraph, but I’m not sure that’s such a good idea.Maaja Stewart (1993) explains the value of the economics of this time period. Stewart feels the book demonstrates the conflict between older and younger sons. Some men are financially limited by being younger sons or by having only daughters.In addition, the Middleton’s and the Dashwoods represent a leisure class that has nothing to do.   Unlike some of the wealthy characters, they have nothing to do because they do not really care about others around them and do not feel obligated for the most part.   John Dashwood’s managing is simply a chance to show off by â€Å"improving the estate† and his lack of character is shown through his total disregard for the past and for nature (Austen, 226).When not engaged in educational pursuits or daily responsibilities, the characters in Austens novels spend their time in various forms of amusement. Since the novel is set in isolated country village, h ow the characters amuse themselves is salient. Games play a large role as entertainment, particularly cards, as do walks, outdoor sports, and needlework of all kinds.In Sense and Sensibility Mrs. Dashwood and Edward Ferrars discuss idleness specifically as it relates to him: She suggests that he would be happier if he had something to occupy his time, and he replies:I do assure you . . . that I have long thought on this point, as you think now. It has been, and is, and probably will always be a heavy misfortune to me, that I have had no necessary business to engage me, no profession to give me employment, or afford me anything like independence. . . . I am an idle, helpless being. . . . I was . . . properly entered at Oxford and have been properly idle ever since. . . . [My sons] will be brought up, said he, in a serious accent, to be as unlike myself as is possible. (103-4);How is this concept shorn through the text? Lucy and Anne Steele obviously loathed Elinor and Marianne Dashwo od: â€Å"Their presence was a restraint both on [Anne] and on Lucy.;4It checked the idleness of one, and the business of the other† (Austen, 247).  Ã‚   Show through examples in the text why this is included as part of this essay.The plot seems to evolve from a series of promises, both spoken and implied, between men and women in the novel. The women have no choice but to be dependent on the men.   This makes them very vulnerable because of the promises that some of the men have made and broken.As the novel opens, we are told that the â€Å"family of Dashwood had long been settled in Sussex,† and that the old gentleman who owned Norland Park intended to â€Å"bequeath† the estate to his nephew and his family, who came to live with him and provided him with comfort, assistance, and enjoyment in his final years (1). Such an inheritance would allow Mr. Dashwood to provide well for all of his family, a son who had been born of his first marriage, and three daug hters born to him in his second.Show examples of this.The best solution for a woman in the position of the Dashwoods or the Steeles was to marry, to find a husband who could support her. Such a solution, however, prevented the woman from being self-sufficient. Once she was married, she became completely dependentupon her husband. Even money belonging to a woman before marriage was no longer under her control. According to English law at the time, when a man and a woman were married, they became only one entity under the law. That entity was the man. His wife legally became   his property, as well as his children. A married woman could not legally control her own money, could not make business contracts, and basically could not have her own identity.Many modern authorities acknowledge Austens focus on money and property in Sense and Sensibility. Nearly every character is defined by their financial worth.   A women’s entire life depended on her abilility to improve her econ omic and social standing.The roles of class and money are discussed by Juliet McMaster and Edward Copeland in The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen (Lambdin, 2000). Oliver MacDonagh stresses the importance of money in the novel in â€Å"Receiving and Spending† (Lambdin, 43). He emphasizes Elinor and Marianne’s submissiveness in financial matters and how this parallels with Jane Austens life, which seemed to involve a high awareness of economics, but she personally had no authority over it.;Instructor comments on the entirety of the essay:Karen-This picture shows a good awareness of the â€Å"big picture† and your use of what the historians and critics have to offer.   However, the paper doesn’t really come together as anything but an â€Å"overall† awareness.   What exactly was your thesis?   Is it the contrast between Marianne and Elinor; the statement of the social and economic burdens needing to be tolerated and confronted; or is it somet hing else I am completely not understanding?   You need more ideas and interpretations from the text including examples and your interpretation-what is the significance of these examples, how do they support your ideas, etc.   This essay is organized around outside souces.   While it is good to have an overall idea of the society you are discussing, you nedd to back up your ideas further, especially through examples and interpreations of the text.Grade:   B-   You have not specifically backed up your ideas, and there is virtually nothing from the text to support your ideas.